Stagnation Glacier structureThe channelised form of this glacier means the structurally it is relatively simple. A prominent longitudinal foliation, with a central folded zone, extends across the full width of the glacier, intersected by numerous fractures (crevasse traces) formed when the glacier was more dynamic. |
Looking up the true right-hand margin of the glacier where it is resting on ice-cored moraine. Dirty basal ice, medial moraine and foliation are visible. | Wedge-shaped streaks of debris and associated fractures are thrusts formed by longitudinal compression. The thrusts are dipping up glacier, and basal debris is emanating from them. | Close-up of basal debris emerging from a thrust, with Brian Moorman standing on the thrust plane. The debris to his left and below him has smeared over the ice as the thrust plane has melted back. | The tongue of the glacier is lacking many open crevasses despite the abundance of crevasse traces. Approaching a rock step a few largely ablated out crevasses are developed locally. |
All that is left of these crevasses are extensively melted-back ice ridges and pinnacles. They are several metres high. | Alternating bands of coarse clear ice (blue) and coarse bubbly ice (white) make up longitudinal foliation. Weakly developed medial moraines of angular rockfall debris run parallel to the foliation. | Some of the debris in this foliation is fine-grained as well as coarse-grained, suggesting a possible source at the glacier bed. The large angular boulders are, however, rockfall-derived. | Contrasting white ice with only weak foliation contrasts with well-foliated dirty ice towards the true left-hand margin. Richard Waller for scale. |
The texture of foliation, comprising coarse clear (blue) ice and coarse bubbly ice (white), is exposed when the surface weathered layer is removed with an ice-axe. | The prominent longitudinal foliation zone at the true right-hand side of the glacier shows its persistence through the zone of ablated crevasses. | The central part of the glacier is characterised by one large fold structure with apex unusually pointing upglacier. The layered structure here is probably the original stratification. | Regular longitudinal foliation and a scattering of supraglacial boulders near the true left-hand margin of the glacier. Small streams (rills) are formed parallel to the structure. |
Photos Michael Hambrey, July 2014 |