Colin Smith: The protagonist, a rebellious teenager from a working-class background who is sent to a Borstal (a type of youth detention center) after being caught stealing. He finds solace in long-distance running, which becomes a form of resistance against the authorities.

The Governor: The head of the Borstal, who sees Colin's running talent as a way to bring prestige to the institution. He tries to manipulate Colin into conforming and competing in a cross-country race.

Colin's Father: Deceased before the events of the story, his death affects Colin deeply.

Colin's Mother: Struggles with the family’s poverty and Colin's rebellious nature.

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Class Distinction
The story highlights the stark contrast between the working class and the upper class. The warden and his associates speak "Oxford English" and represent the establishment, while the inmates are from the working class. Smith's personal morality is shaped by his defiance against the system.

Rebellion and Defiance
Smith's decision not to win the race is a symbol of his rebellion against the system that has imprisoned him. He refuses to vindicate the establishment by winning, choosing instead to maintain his own sense of self-worth and honesty.

Social Realism
The story portrays the bleak life of the working class in Britain during the late 1950s and early 1960s, emphasizing the class divisions and the struggles faced by the lower classes.

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"The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner" is widely regarded as a significant work in English literature. It is a classic example of the "kitchen sink realism" movement, which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on the lives of working-class people and addressing social issues with a raw, unvarnished perspective.

Sillitoe's writing style is noted for its directness and clarity, capturing the protagonist's voice and thoughts with authenticity and power.

The novella received critical acclaim for its insightful depiction of a working-class protagonist and its critique of social structures. Critics praised Sillitoe for his empathetic and realistic portrayal of his characters.

Critics have lauded Sillitoe's ability to infuse the sport with deeper philosophical meaning.

The novella is seen as an important representation of the working class in literature, giving voice to their struggles and aspirations in a way that had not been commonly done before.

Overall, "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner" is perceived as a powerful, enduring work that offers a profound commentary on society and the individual's place within it. It remains an important text for understanding mid-20th-century British literature and social history.

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