Language and Speech
The central theme is the transformative power of language and speech. Eliza Doolittle's journey from a Cockney flower girl to a refined lady through intense linguistic training highlights how language shapes perceptions of class and identity. Shaw emphasizes the importance of effective communication and challenges the idea that social superiority and linguistic sophistication are mutually exclusive.

Social Class and Mobility
Pygmalion critiques rigid class distinctions by showing how Eliza can be accepted in upper-class society through proper speech and manners, despite her lower-class origins. The play breaks down the framework of social class and questions the validity of judging people's worth based on appearances and accents. Eliza's transformation compels us to consider the inequalities and obstacles to upward mobility in society.

Identity and Transformation
The play explores the malleability of identity and the profound influence of environment and education on character. Eliza's metamorphosis is both physical and psychological, challenging us to question the power of external forces in shaping identity. Shaw also encourages reflection on the complex relationship between appearance and identity, and the facades we present to the world.

Femininity and Gender Roles
Pygmalion serves as a platform to challenge traditional notions of femininity and gender roles. Eliza's journey defies societal expectations and highlights the inherent strength within every individual, regardless of gender norms. The play invites audiences to reconsider the evolving roles of women in society.

Through these themes, Shaw offers social commentary on class, language, identity and gender, using the story of Eliza's transformation as a vehicle to critique the prevailing attitudes of his time. The play remains relevant for its exploration of issues that transcend its original setting.

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