Stephen Kumalo: A Zulu priest from the rural village of Ndotsheni and the novel’s protagonist. He’s a kind, humble man who travels to Johannesburg to find his son, Absalom, and his sister, Gertrude, only to confront the harsh realities of urban life and systemic injustice.

Absalom Kumalo: Stephen’s son, who left Ndotsheni for Johannesburg. He becomes entangled in crime and ultimately commits murder, leading to his trial and execution. His story reflects the struggles of young Black South Africans in a fractured society.

Gertrude Kumalo: Stephen’s younger sister, who also moved to Johannesburg. She has fallen into a life of prostitution and alcoholism, symbolizing the moral and social decay faced by some in the city. She has a young son whom Stephen tries to rescue.

James Jarvis: A wealthy white landowner from Ixopo, near Ndotsheni. His son, Arthur, is murdered by Absalom, prompting a transformation in James as he grapples with grief and begins to understand the broader injustices in South Africa.

Arthur Jarvis: James’s son, an engineer and outspoken advocate for racial equality. Though he dies early in the novel, his writings and ideals profoundly influence his father and others.

Theophilus Msimangu: A priest in Johannesburg who helps Stephen navigate the city. He’s compassionate and insightful, offering a voice of hope and clarity amid despair.

John Kumalo: Stephen’s brother, a carpenter turned political agitator in Johannesburg. He’s a powerful speaker but lacks the moral conviction to fully commit to the cause of justice, choosing personal gain instead.

Mrs. Lithebe: A kind, Christian woman in Johannesburg who provides lodging for Stephen and others. She represents stability and generosity.

Absalom’s Girl: A young woman pregnant with Absalom’s child. Stephen takes her in after Absalom’s execution, offering her a chance at a better life in Ndotsheni.

Mr. Carmichael: Absalom’s lawyer, who takes his case pro bono, showing a rare instance of goodwill across racial lines.

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