Thomas Fowler - The protagonist and narrator, a cynical British journalist in his fifties who has been covering the French war in Vietnam for over two years. He has an affair with a young Vietnamese woman named Phuong.

Alden Pyle - A young, naive American aid worker who believes in American exceptionalism and the ability of the U.S. to intervene in Vietnam for the greater good. He becomes involved in a love triangle with Fowler and Phuong.

Phuong - A young Vietnamese woman who speaks French and Vietnamese but not English. She has a relationship with both Fowler and Pyle. Phuong is often seen as a passive character who allows the men to speak about her in front of her.

Other notable characters include:
Vigot, the French police chief who interrogates Fowler about Pyle's death
Captain Trouin, a French officer who takes Fowler on a bombing mission
Helen, Fowler's estranged Catholic wife in England
General Thé, a guerrilla leader that Pyle secretly supports

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