Angelou, Maya: 1928 - 2014

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1970 - Information about the Book

  • General Information
    • The novel is the first of seven autobiographical works. It chronicles Angelou's life from age 3 through age 16, recounting an unsettled and sometimes traumatic childhood that included rape and racism.
    • Information from Wikipedia
  • Facts
    • In 2011, Time Magazine placed the book as one of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923.
    • "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" was challenged by the Alabama State Textbook Committee in 1983. It was considered "dangerous" because it "preaches bitterness and hatred against whites."
    • Maya Angelou's autobiographical account of her childhood and adolescence.
      At age 3, Angelou and her brother Bailey are sent by their parents to live with their grandmother (Momma) in Stamps, Arkansas, where they experience the harsh realities of racial discrimination and violence.
      At age 8, Angelou is sexually assaulted and raped by her mother's boyfriend, Mr. Freeman. Traumatized, she becomes mute for several years.
      Angelou finds solace in literature and the mentorship of Mrs. Flowers, who helps her regain her voice through reading and reciting poetry.
      Angelou and her brother move to St. Louis to live with their mother, then later to San Francisco, where Angelou faces further challenges, including a pregnancy at 16.

    • Racism and Oppression
      The caged bird represents the oppression and lack of freedom experienced by African Americans and other marginalized groups due to racism and discrimination. Angelou vividly depicts the physical and psychological constraints imposed by systemic racism, symbolized by the caged bird's clipped wings and tied feet. The free bird, in contrast, represents the liberty and privileges enjoyed by white Americans.

      Resilience and Perseverance
      Despite being confined and deprived of freedom, the caged bird continues to sing, representing the resilience and perseverance of the oppressed in the face of adversity. The bird's song is a defiant expression of its longing for freedom and refusal to be silenced or broken by its circumstances.

      Identity and Self-Expression
      The act of singing allows the caged bird to maintain its dignity, identity, and voice even in captivity. Music and self-expression become a means of resistance and a way to assert one's humanity in the face of dehumanizing oppression.

      Hope and Aspiration
      While the caged bird has never experienced true freedom, it still sings of freedom, symbolizing the enduring hope and aspiration for liberation among the oppressed. The bird's song represents the universal human desire for freedom and a better life.

      Angelou's powerful metaphor and vivid imagery in "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" shed light on the harsh realities of racism and oppression while celebrating the indomitable human spirit's capacity for resilience, self-expression, and hope.

    • Characters
    • Recurring Themes by Dane Weston
    • Motifs
    • Symbols, Allegory and Motifs
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  • Title
    • The book takes its title from the following poem by the American poet Paul Lawrence Dunbar (1872 - 1906):
      • "Sympathy"

        I know what the caged bird feels, alas!
        When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;
        When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass,
        And the river flows like a stream of glass;
        When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,
        And the faint perfume from its chalice steals--
        I know what the caged bird feels!

        I know why the caged bird beats his wing
        Till its blood is red on the cruel bars;
        For he must fly back to his perch and cling
        When he fain would be on the bough a-swing;
        And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars
        And they pulse again with a keener sting--
        I know why he beats his wing!

        I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,
        When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,--
        When he beats his bars and he would be free;
        It is not a carol of joy or glee,
        But a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core,
        But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings--
        I know why the caged bird sings!

    • Compare Dunbar's poem with Maya Angelou's poem:
      • "I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings"

        A free bird leaps on the back of the wind
        and floats downstream till the current ends
        and dips his wing in the orange suns rays and dares to claim the sky.

        But a bird that stalks down his narrow cage
        can seldom see through his bars of rage
        his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing.

        The caged bird sings with a fearful trill
        of things unknown but longed for still
        and his tune is heard on the distant hill
        for the caged bird sings of freedom.

        The free bird thinks of another breeze
        and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
        and the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn and he names the sky his own.

        But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams
        his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
        his wings are clipped and his feet are tied so he opens his throat to sing.

        The caged bird sings with a fearful trill
        of things unknown but longed for still
        and his tune is heard on the distant hill
        for the caged bird sings of freedom.

  • Articles
    • Author Audio (47:36)
      Maya Angelou discusses her book "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings". March 13, 1970
    • Author Maya Angelou reflects on some of her earliest and most difficult memories, talks about her autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and answers listeners' questions. BBC World Service; May 31, 2014
    • Author Interview about the book
    • Author American Icons: ‘I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings’: "Whether people want to praise it or ban it, the book makes us feel some kind of way." Studio 360; October 10, 2019
      Transcript